Monday, December 22, 2008

book reviews last quarter 2008



I seem to be at a blank with trying to write blog entries so I decided to post my book reviews for this quarter early, though I will probably end up reading quite a few additional books in this last week of December as I will be on vacation. I'm excited about having some time to read since I have some really fascinating books lined up. A semester of assigned reading has awakened a desire for further exploration of different topics. I’m currently reading Engaging the Powers by Walter Wink as I have been reflecting on individual responsibility in systems of oppression. The book is so far absolutely fascinating….


I seem to be similarly stalled with my more tangible crafting pursuits. Here's a photo of a pair of baby socks I've knit up recently for an undisclosed recipient. I have plenty of "stash" yarn still sitting around, but nothing seems to be inspiring me to knit...




In any case, here are the reviews. I use the lovely non-pretentious rating scale from Goodreads
*didn’t like it
**it was ok
***liked it
**** really liked it
***** it was amazing

Fiction

*** The Brief Wonderous Life of Oscar Wao (Junot Diaz) ~ Having studied minority and postcolonial literature in college, I’ve been wary of reading “minority fiction” since much of it follows a similar narrative format. However, after attending a very interesting reading by the author, I decided to read the book. Using references to popular American science fiction and fantasy and to Dominican culture, the book narrates the life of Oscar Wao, a nerdy boy who cannot seem to get a girlfriend. The book also traces the history of his mother and his mother’s family during the Trujillo dictatorship in the Dominican Republic. The ending was a slight letdown but by no means ruined the book. Diaz is a phenomenal writer—his style is engaging and funny and this novel is a fresh take on the traditional immigrant narrative. It is not obsessed with identity, but rather concerned with presenting a story and a history for its characters and the Dominican Republic.

*** Migritude (Shailja Patel) ~ This continues my respect for relatively unknown authors that we never see grace the display tables of Barnes and Nobles. Shailja Patel is a Kenyan poet, playwright and theatre artist. Migritude is the transcript from one of her spoken word performance peaces. In poetic form, it traces the impacts of colonialism and postcolonialism and her own migration around the world. I’m not much of a reviewer or connoisseur of poetry, but I enjoyed reading the poems very much and found the images and phrasing powerful, beautiful and memorable.


Non-Fiction

*** Theories of Development (Richard Peet and Elaine Hartwick) ~ This book presents an overview of major theories of development (a.k.a. why some countries are poor and some are rich and what to do about it)—neoclassical, sociological, dependency, feminist etc… It does an excellent job of describing the different intellectual assumptions that underly these theories and how it influences the solutions that they advocate. Throughout all of this, the authors present their own view on development. While this book is an great primer on development, it can be at times a bit dull and confusing. The authors try their best to coin the development of these different theories, but sometimes end up listing a bunch of scattered conferences, papers and ideas.

** The Mystery of Capital (Hernando de Soto) ~ De Soto argues that what prevents poor countries from becoming rich is the lack of property law that enable individuals to transform their fixed assets into capital. He explores the history of property rights in America and examines the untapped wealth owned by the poor. De Soto’s assessment of the situation may be too idealistic and overromanticizes the potential of the small micro-businesses but his book still provides an accurate assessment to one of the significant reasons why the poor are still poor.

**** Third Sector Development (Christopher Gunn) ~ This book provides an excellent overview of various third sector organizations—credit unions, community land trusts, traditional nonprofit organizations and cooperatives. It highlights their role in American society and in particular focuses on how these organizations increase and create social surplus in their communities and contribute to development efforts.

*** Culture Jam (Kalle Lasn) ~ Written by the founder of Adbusters, this book describes and critiques our consumer and marketing oriented culture in America. The book explains concepts in a conversational and easy-to-understand tone, though at times it appears to be trying too hard to be cool. In particular, the book emphasizes meme warfare, and the importance of changing American consciousness and attitudes.

*** The Meaning of the City (Jacques Ellul) ~ From Cain’s first city to the new Jerusalem, Jacques Ellul traces the role that the city plays in the Biblical narrative. He highlights the city as a symbol and source of man’s pride, the city’s significance as a work of man’s hands and its importance in the new heavens and earth. While conversational, Ellul’s style and arguments can be hard to follow at times. There were definite sections of the book that were skimmed or “zoned” out as I was reading. That being said, Ellul has some real fire in his prose and his ideas were very provocative and insightful. His Biblical exposition of the city definitely provided a better framework for how I should relate to the city.

*** Not Just the Levees Broke (Phyllis Montana-LeBlanc) ~ Phyllis Montana-LeBlanc is from a working class family whose house and home were destroyed in Hurricane Katrina. The first part of this memoir narrates her family’s experience of the disaster, including the multiple day grueling aftermath of waiting to be rescued. The remaining portion of the memoir recounts Phyllis’ emotional life after the hurricane as she copes with her trauma and continues to grow in her faith in God and love and forgiveness for others. This memoir is no literary masterpiece but it manages to be very real, moving and powerful.

Thursday, December 11, 2008

two roads diverged in a wood

I know you must all be annoyed with my endless sweatshop rants,* but I was surprised to find out yesterday that Judy Wicks, the founder of White Dog Café, co-founded Free People (which later became Urban Outfitters/Anthropologie clothing chain) with her then husband Richard Hayne.

It’s amazing how far apart these two business people’s paths have diverged since then:

Richard Hayne is currently the president of Urban Outfitters, the company that now operates the stores, Free People, Urban Outfitters and Anthropologie. He has a net worth of $1.8 billion, ranking the 262 richest person in the United States, atleast at the time in which this article was written.

His stores have stirred up quite a bit of controversy, both for politically incorrect t-shirts and allegedly ripping-off of independent designers. While people who shop at these stores tend to be liberal leaning, Richard Hayne is actually a die-hard Republican (not that that is necessarily a bad thing). Urban Outfitters evokes an aura of rebellion and independence while Anthropologie gives off a sense of vintage old world sophistication, but both are extremely corporate brands. Commodify your dissent all the way. Coolness and authenticity can now be purchased.

Furthermore, Hayne’s stance on sweatshops reflects the easy reasoning that sweatshops offer a better alternative to abject poverty (The Onion actually did an interesting video parody on sweatshops yesterday). I’ll let you be the judge:

"Years ago I visited one of the factories we work with in India, and there was 500 people standing in a line three people deep stretching around the building," he recalls. "I said to the foreman, 'What's going on?' He told me they were all applicants for the four positions they had open. I toured that facility and it was reasonably clean--for India. And it was reasonably well-lit--again, for India. And yes, it was mostly young women working there. But it is my understanding that the only other option those women had to feed their families was selling their bodies. So I don't want to hear people from the suburbs with their fat American stomachs telling people in other countries how to run their societies."

Meanwhile, Judy Wicks is not quite as wealthy as her former husband, but is by no means poor. (Let’s be honest- what would you really do with more than a billion dollars?) She is the founder of the restaurant White Dog Café, located near Penn campus. White Dog Café has become a renowned model for Triple Bottom Line business practices, with regard for profit, people and the environment. In addition to paying its restaurant workers living wages, White Dog Café also became one of the first restaurants to source local organic food long before Michael Pollan became trendy reading. She’s a vocal advocate for local sustainable economies and has written some interesting and inspiring articles on the subject.

Two very different versions of how to run a business in today's society. Richard Hayne was ingenious in creating the compelling pull of his brands**, managing to convince alot of us silly consumers into buying into image without substance, but Judy Wicks gives real hope. Her dissent has not been commodified.


* Though, is it not sad that nobody really cares passionately about anything anymore? And isn't it sad that we tend to think that those who care passionately about anything are a little loopy and crazy. Everything in moderation n’est ce pas?
** I have to guiltily admit that I love anthropologie clothing, but atleast in the last three years, I have been able to resist buying anything from the store despite the fact that it is located very close to my office. (It helps that it is really expensive) It's interesting though to read the customer target of anthropologie as described on Urban Outfitters corporate website:
... Over the past decade, we have traveled the globe, broken new ground with our catalog and web design, and most significantly of all, found customers who are our soulmates on this journey. Our core customer is 30 to 45, educated, fashionable, creative, and youthful. She values family and friends and loves shopping in the vibrant environments we create for her. Our unique and eclectic product assortment is carefully designed and selected with an eye for craftsmanship and detail...
Here's the Urban Outfitters description:
Our goal at Urban Outfitters is to be the brand of choice for well-educated, urban-minded young adults. We accomplish our objective by creating a differential shopping experience, which creates an emotional bond with the 18 to 30 year old target customer we serve. Currently, we operate more than 129 stores in the US, Canada, and Europe. Our stores offer a unique and eclectic mix of fashion merchandise in a lifestyle sensitive store environment. Products range from women's & men's apparel, accessories and footwear to items for the apartment, as well as gifts and novelties.

Monday, December 08, 2008

is this still an exercise in hope and cynicism?

Just yesterday, I rediscovered this passage from Thomas Merton tucked in between some of my old papers. A man I respected very much gave paper copies to me and two others while we were volunteering at the Woodstock Family Center in the summer of 2006. (Tim also posted it on his blog early January of this year.)

Somehow the weight and the wisdom of the passage did not quite register for me in the past, but when I read this yesterday, Merton's words were such a gentle yet truthful reminder of the futility of my half-hearted efforts and the hope that is to be had in my God.

Letter to a Young Activist

Do not depend on the hope of results. When you are doing the sort of work you have taken on, essentially an apostolic work, you may have to face the fact that your work will be apparently worthless and even achieve no result at all, if not perhaps results opposite to what you expect. As you get used to this idea, you start more and more to concentrate not on the results but on the value, the rightness, the truth of the work itself. And there too a great deal has to be gone through, as gradually you struggle less and less for an idea and more and more for specific people. The range tends to narrow down, but it gets much more real. In the end, it is the reality of personal relationships that saves everything.

You are fed up with words, and I don't blame you. I am nauseated by them sometimes. I am also, to tell the truth nauseated by ideals and with causes. This sounds like heresy, but I think you will understand what I mean. It is so easy to get engrossed with ideas and slogans and myths that in the end one is left holding the bag, empty, with no trace of meaning left in it. And then the temptation is to yell louder than ever in order to make the meaning be there again by magic. Going through this kind of reaction helps you to guard against this. Your system is complaining of too much verbalizing, and it is right.

...[T]he big results are not in your hands or mine, but they suddenly happen, and we can share in them; but there is no point in building our lives on this personal satisfaction which may be denied us and which after all is not that important.

The next step in the process is for you to see that your own thinking about what you are doing is crucially important. You are probably striving to build yourself an identity in your work, out of your work and your witness. You are using it, so to speak, to protect yourself against nothingness, annihilation. That is not the right use of your work. All the good that you will do will come not from you but from the fact that you have allowed yourself, in the obedience of faith, to be used by God's love. Think of this more and gradually you will be free from the need to prove yourself, and you can be more open to the power that will work through you without your knowing it.

The great thing after all is to live, not to pour our your life in the service of a myth: and we turn the best things into myths. If you can get free from the domination of causes and just serve Christ's truth, you will be able to do more and will be less crushed by the inevitable disappointments...

The real hope, then, is not in something we think we can do, but in God who is making something good out of it in some way we cannot see. If we can do His will, we will be helping in this process. But we will not necessarily know all about it beforehand...

Enough of this...it is at least a gesture...I will keep you in my prayers.

All the best in Christ,
Tom

Sunday, December 07, 2008

christmas season

exercises in cynicism and hope (continued...)

"Any history of hope in America must ... make room at its center for this dogged companion of hope--the lurking suspicion that all our getting and spending amounts to nothing more than fidgeting while we wait for death"

~ Andrew DelBlanco in The Real American Dream: A Meditation on Hope

Thursday, December 04, 2008

political apathy

It’s shocking how quickly I’ve stopped following political news and reverted back to my usual perusing of arts and letters daily and crafting websites. Shouldn’t I be more interested in politics now that a new administration is about to begin? Shouldn't I be more interested in following the news after all my rambling about the fact that our duties as a citizen do not end with just voting?

I wonder if my sudden drop in interest could be related to a sense of disenfranchisement from the political process. (Disenfranchisement—now that’s a melodramatic word). I voted for a few elected officials back in November, but now I seem to be out of the process, and without much power or say. Everyday, the headlines scroll by with Obama’s new picks for his cabinet, and I become aware that I do not have much ability as a citizen to influence his decisions.

It is to a much lesser degree, the same frustration I feel towards City Council’s decision to approve the zoning to build a casino in the Gallery in Philadelphia despite significant resident and city-wide protest. (Asian Americans United, Casino-Free Philadelphia and Chinese Christian Church and Center are all major organizers). And then there is an even greater frustration concerning Pennsylvania state’s decision to force Philadelphia to accept casinos. There’s a sense that decisions are made by important people in closed rooms and no matter how much protest and how many people hit the streets, nothing will change. Of course, history has proven that in many cases, community organizing has been effective at bringing about change (Montgomery bus boycott anyone?). But I find myself wishing there was a more direct and effective way of influencing the choices that affect us.

Or perhaps an easier explanation would be to say that I am so easily taken in by the spectacle of the election campaign, but not fully engaged yet to be interested in actual government policies, decisions and legislation.

Meanwhile, Canada’s government is going through some turmoil of its own. There’s a rather clear explanation on this knitter’s website.

Friday, November 28, 2008

internet links from a brainwashed radical

To prove that my blog hasn’t just turned into one long rant based on my indoctrination from my "radical" “leftist” “progressive” “post-Marxist” “feminist” Penn class, I thought I’d try to amalgamate some other links and thoughts of interest. In order to remain true to shameless self-promotion, I’ve also provided links to past blog entries relating to these topics. I guess in an ideal world, I would post a follow-up blog entry tying in the article. But we all know this isn't an ideal world...

For those of you who left comments on my last blog post, I haven’t had the opportunity to reply yet, because you both posed thought-provoking questions and I need to think a bit more before replying. Thank you for taking the time to comment.

Ideology vs. Money. In China, the latter speaks the louder word.

Ted Stevens was not re-elected
. What a relief. Otherwise, the Penn maintenance guy would lose his faith in America: “If a convicted felon can be elected into the Senate, why can’t a felon in jail vote?”

Sick and tired of ethics in America? Just as we may no longer believe in neoliberalism in economics, we’re perhaps also in need of a change in the field of ethics:

We don’t need microfinance. We need sweatshops. I’m only half kidding. But Oxfam’s Uttaran in some ways manages to get the best of microfinance and manages to approximate more formal employment.

Michael Lewis, the writer of Liar’s Poker, comments on his experience and on events and people leading up today’s Wall Street mess.

I criticized WalMart in my last entry. Jonathan has redirected me to an article that argues to the contrary. I hope to post a response at some point.

Sometimes, I just want to make something beautiful, but it certainly tries my patience. Here's my half-finished quilt top:


I manage to look supremely uncool on my bike with my pant leg retainers, mismatched mittens, and Eco vegan sneakers. Practicality trumps narcissism. I definitely do not follow these instructions. Apparently, there are plenty of others who manage to bike fashionably. Though sometimes, in looking at their footwear, I wonder if they will soon remove themselves from the gene pool.


Incharacter.org runs a feature on forgiveness. Notably, Ten Greatest Moments in Forgiveness History highlights the extraordinary forgiveness exhibited by the Amish community after the school shooting.

If you’ve ever read C.S.Lewis’ Out of the Silent Planet, you might understand the theory that the seven books of the Chronicles of Narnia proxy atrological symbolism of the planets. A review on the book Planet Narnia: The Seven Heavens in the ¬Imagination of C.S. Lewis by Michael Ward

Single Young Male (SYM)
. Single Young Female (SYF). The dating scene turns Darwinian (the end result of Sex and the City). It makes me really glad that I’m married. Young Married Couple (YMC) I suppose. Some notable quotables from the dating article:
“I am not going to hitch my wagon to a woman . . . who is more into her abs, thighs, triceps, and plastic surgery. A woman who seems to have forgotten that she did graduate high school and that it’s time to act accordingly.” “Maybe we turn to video games not because we are trying to run away from the responsibilities of a ‘grown-up life’ but because they are a better companion than some disease-ridden bar tramp who is only after money and a free ride.” “Men are finally waking up to the ever-present fact that traditional marriage, or a committed relationship, with its accompanying socially imposed requirements of being wallets with legs for women, is an empty and meaningless drudgery.”

From Orion Magazine: Why are corporations treated as individuals and not nature?
“In particular, we should examine the fact that, in the eyes of the law, corporations are considered people and entitled to civil rights. We often forget that corporations are only a few centuries old and have been continually evolving since their inception. Imagine what could be done if we changed the fiduciary responsibilities of directors to include obligations not only to profitability but also to the whole natural world, and if we imposed collective personal liability on corporate managers and stockholders to restore any damage that they cause to natural communities.”
Corporations are treated as individuals as a result of the 1886 Supreme Court case Santa Clara County vs. Southern Pacific Railroad Company in what some would argue is actually the most significant Supreme Court case in the US.

Find out how many earths would be required to support the human population if everyone lived the same lifestyle as you.

The game of monopoly provides an explanation for today’s economic crisis. While we need to fundamentally reform our economy, so that it is no longer a casino for speculation but an arena for responsible production of goods and services, we still need banks and financing. While many banks loaned with only an eye for increasing short-term profit, there are many subprime mortgage lenders who did it responsably.

As this financial crisis has forced us to question whether or not buying a house is always a wise financial decision for the poor, this economist questions whether accumulating savings is a good idea.

And oh, what shall I do now that the elections are over? Unfortunately, I forgot to save the links to all the articles I found interesting. I did find myself frequently crying the week after his win whenever I read anything about his historic election. Symbolically, Obama’s win has meant a lot, we have yet to see what it will mean practically.

In retrospect, some of the articles above are rather “lefty” or “progressive”. I guess I can’t help it. So I wonder if I think this way because of the class I am taking now, or whether I have always thought this way and this class has merely given more concrete words and frameworks to express it. I suspect the latter, given that I wasn't indoctrinated by my Wharton or economics classes, but it's always important to question how we form our opinions. How much of our thoughts are truly our own and how much are they influenced by what we hear and read and the people we hang out with? And how much of our common sense and knowledge as a society as a whole is influenced by the way the academy produces and frames research?

On a similar note, I also have noticed that my husband and I (or perhaps to use more PC terminology, my "partner" and I) have experienced a convergence of opinions in recent years. Do we have similar opinions because we started dating and got married? Or, did the similar opinions make us attracted to each other in the first place? Chicken and the egg.

Tuesday, November 18, 2008

afflicting the comfortable (challenging the system)

Gramsci compared the Marxist notion of domination, by which was meant direct physical coercion by police, army, and law to political society, with that of hegemony, or ideological control though consent in civil society (unions, schools, churches, families etc.). Civil institutions, Gramsci thought, inculcated an entire system of values, beliefs and morality supportive of the established order and its dominating classes: hegemony was a worldview diffused through socialization into every area of daily life which, when internalized, became part of "common sense" (115)

~ from Theories of Development by Richard Peet with Elaine Hartwick

It’s always easy to believe in the system.* Sure, we might be critical of certain aspects of it, but overall we don’t think that much about it, because we live and function in it. We are not even aware of what the system is and how it informs the way we think and live.

But that’s to be expected, because those who are in power (and that includes those who are in power of knowledge), will work to justify their own authority. And while physical force and the threat of violence may sometimes be effective, why bother if you can compel obedience through “common sense”?

Unless we’re willing to be critical and aware of the system we inhabit—the authority structures, the institutions in place, the implicit “common sense” that we believe, we’ll just buy into the system. It just goes to show that they’ve gotten to us.

Remember that in Romans, Paul called for a renewing of the mind—that renewal must require a critical re-thinking of all our current assumptions and beliefs, even the ones that seem so deeply ingrained in us that they must just be “true” as opposed to socially constructed. We may not be able to “work outside the system” in most instances, but at the very least, we should be aware of its presence.

~

Examples:

A slaveowner over 200 years ago could feel like a ethical, upstanding human being because he treated his slaves well and did not beat or rape them.

A rich man (made rich off predatory mortgage lending) feels good about himself because he tutors once a week in a lower income community and leaves large tips at restaurants.

Wal-Mart corporate believes that they are offering a valuable service to Americans by selling stuff at low, affordable prices. Meanwhile, they are depressing wages everywhere because they pay their own “associates” so poorly.

The most celebrated way to leave poverty is to receive a good education and get a higher paying job. What about the millions of others who still must sweep the streets, clean restaurants, take care of our parents in nursing homes and sell stuff? Will they always be left out of the equation? Is our pitiful minimum wage the best we can do?

We are told the poor will always be amongst us. Are we to complacently resign to that fact and continue to bandage wounds instead of addressing the causes of their poverty? And the cause of their poverty may not just be lack of education or skills, but it may be in the actual economic system of the country they live in.

~

Working within the system is not altogether impossible but requires a high degree of integrity. You must be willing to risk losing all the benefits you may have gained in the eyes of the world. (Daniel, Esther).

~

Perhaps to change the world, one must be willing to work with a set of compromises. Is compromise bad if it is necessary to create enough cooperation to effect real change?

~

Sometimes, it may be a matter of creating alternatives or complementary systems so that others can see that another world (i.e. another system) is possible.

~

Recently, our system has been failing. Are we going to bandage up the current system and assume it is still inherently okay or do we try to build something new?

~

If it is the task of the prophet to comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable and I consider myself among the comfortable, then do I need to be afflicted?



* By “the system”, I mean the set of various sub-systems or ways in which we organize and structure our life—from our companies, our government, our nonprofits, our businesses, our workplaces, our schools, our churches, our families, our property, our currency etc…

Monday, November 10, 2008

shopping season

Now that election season is over, it’s holiday (a.k.a shopping) season.

Our political voting may be over for the year, but we still vote with our money. As I mentioned in my last post, we implicitly support the way that businesses are run when we buy from them and give them revenue.

While it’s near impossible to ensure that everything you buy is produced justly and sustainably, please consider making atleast a few purchases (if not all) from businesses that pursue ethical labour and good environmental practices this holiday season. As you will see in the list below, there are lots of options.

I thought I’d list a few stores and brands that I like. They usually have some combination of local, ethical labour or sustainable environmental practices, though few of them are 100% perfect in any of those categories. Below my list, I’ve also included a list compiled by Co-Op America in this brochure. It’s an even more comprehensive list of different businesses. I haven’t browsed most of these stores but some of them sound like great places to find gifts for others or for yourself. It's also possible to look up retailers on Responsible Shopper. I've also blogged extensively about labour practices in the past (1, 2, 3, 4)

If you know of other brands or stores that you particularly like, please feel free to leave them in the comment section. Or if you find out that any of these stores or brands are not quite what they're made out to be, please let me know as well. I’ll update this page as I hear about more stores and brands.

Please feel free to forward this link or this list to others. Spread the word! If you’re going to consume, you might as well support good business practices while you’re at it.

Food
Equal Exchange - Fair trade coffee, tea and chocolate. Yummy!
Your Local Farmer’s Market – To find one near you and if you’re in PA, try Buy Local PA or Local Food Philly


Clothing and accessories (Online ordering available for all of the below)
Fair Indigo – Fair trade clothing online retailer that sells Ann Taylor Loft-like clothing. They are sleek and corporate-looking, which immediately arouses some suspicion, but for the most part, I believe that they are genuine. Proceed with caution.
Wiksten – Handmade clothing sewn by a woman who resides in Kansas City; A bit on the pricey end and a small collection but I appreciate people who start their own craft business working out of their houses.
Passenger Pigeon Clothing – Eco-friendly clothing and bags made in Canada. Also pricey so I’ve never bought anything from them, but they have some really gorgeous designs
Anti-Factory - Hand-made "urban" clothing made from recycled materials. Really nice, colourful casual styles.
ReLoad – Handmade custom messenger bags, backpacks and other accessories. Orders can take up to a month to process as they are all hand-made and based on customized colours. They also do custom graphics and machine appliqué on their bags. They are headquartered in Philadelphia.
VicPickle – Purchase your own customized handbag (i.e. you get to pick out the fabrics, style etc…) which will then be made by hand in Philadelphia. They’re headquartered in Philadelphia as well.
Mooshoes – Vegan and cruelty-free shoes and bags. Store is in NY.
WarmLegWear – A family business operating out of Maine (I think?). It sells lots of tights and socks, most of which are made in Canada.
Sockdreams – Similar to the above, but with a wider selection, including organics. Not sure where most of their socks/tights are manufactured though.
Adbusters BlackSpot Shoes - Union made canvas sneakers ($79) and boots ($120)
Planet Bike - Bike lights and other accessories
Camper – is a Spanish shoe company with long history of environmental and labor responsibility. They’re also pricey but the shoes are very stylish—they’re famous for the “Twin” shoes where two shoes have different but coordinating designs.
The Green Guide also has a good list for ethically-made and environmentally-friendly shoes (including Timberland and Birkenstocks)

Miscellaneous
Etsy – Online retailer of vintage and handmade items. It’s Ebay meets an arts and crafts fair.
Ten Thousand Villages – A fair trade nonprofit organization. It sells jewelry, home décor (including beautiful wicker baskets), cards, notebooks, china and other gift items.
LUSH – Organic bath and body products made in Canada with minimal packaging. They’re pricey but the store smells good.
Paperbackswap – Not really a source for gifts but a good website to post and swap books with other members.

Local Stores specific to Philadelphia
I’ve tried my best to list the intersections but if you do plan to visit any of these stores, please google the addresses to be sure.
Thrift stores and consignment stores – There are plenty in the Philadelphia area. To list a few: The Second Mile at 45th and Locust, Goodwill at 22nd and Market (across from Trader Joe’s), a place at 50th and Baltimore, Buffalo Exchange at 17th and Chestnut, Sophisticated Seconds at 21st and Sansom, Immortal Uncommon Resale at 18th and Sansom, Greene Street (or something like that) on South Street etc…
Smak Parlour – A boutique located on Market Street between 2nd and 3rd Street in Philadelphia. It has great (somewhat flashy) clothing mainly for parties and nightclubs. Most of the clothing is designed by the owners and sewn in Chinatown. I almost got the bridesmaid dresses for my wedding from this store, but they unfortunately would not be ready on time.
Vix Emporium – VIX Emporium is a handcraft store located at 50th and Baltimore. They have quite a bit of fun jewelry, t-shirts, cards, soaps, bags and other
Black Cat – Another gift shop located 3424 Sansom Street Philadelphia. Straight from the website: “We strive to be a socially responsible business by focusing on merchandise that contributes to the good of the planet as a whole. These "Whole World Products" include pieces made from recycled materials, the work of local artists and craftspeople, fairly traded international handicrafts, and products sold in support of disabled or disadvantaged people.” It’s the counterpart to the famous White Dog Café.
Firehouse Bikes - Worker-owned used bike store and repair shop; Bikes range from about $100-$600; Great service (though sometimes slow), good prices, really friendly owners! I purchased my own bike there June of 2007.
Used/local book stores – The city also has plenty of used or locally-owned bookstores Book Trader (2nd and Market), A House of Our Own (39th and Spruce), The Last Word (40th and Locust), Big Jar Books (2nd and Arch)
Some of the above stores in the other lists are also headquartered in Philadelphia or have stores in Philly, including Ten Thousand Villages (13th and Locust), LUSH (15th and Walnut), VicPickle and ReLoad.
Fabric stores – Fabric Row has a whole bunch of fabric and notions stores located near 4th and Bainbridge; Spool Sewing at 19th and South; Cloth & Bobbin in Narberth
Yarn Stores – Rosie’s Yarn Cellar at 20th and Locust, Loop at 19th and South, Ewe and I in Narberth; Look specifically for Manos del Uruguay and Shokay yarn purchased from cooperatives in China and Uruguay.

Co-Op America List

A Greater Gift
www.agreatergift.org
Fairly traded home decor, jewelry, and more from artisans and farmers around the world.

Autonomie Project, Inc.
www.autonomieproject.com
Fair Trade, sweatshop-free footwear and clothing made by worker-owned cooperatives in the developing world.

Bamboosa
www.bamboosa.com
Makes bamboo fiber clothing and baby products that are sweatshop-free and American-made.

BaaBaa Zuzu
www.baabaazuzu.com
Jackets, mittens, hats, scarves and bags: one-of-a-kind and made in the USA from reclaimed woolens.

BTC Elements
www.btcelements.com
Offers earth-friendly and socially conscious apparel, accessories, beauty, and baby clothes.

Chapter One Organics
www.chapteroneorganics.com
Uses organic fabrics sewn in the US to make stylish, fun, and practical baby and toddler clothing.

Certified Jean Co.
www.certifiedjean.com
Jeans for men and women, made from organic cotton: grown, milled, and made in the USA.

Cottonfield
www.cottonfieldusa.com
Organic cotton and hemp clothing including sweaters and underwear for men and women.

Decent Exposures
www.decentexposures.com
Shirts, leggings, skirts, bathing suits, and over 200 sizes of organic cotton bras made in the USA.

Dreams on Looms
www.dreamsonlooms.com
Collection of apparel and accessories handwoven by tribal women from northeast India.

Earth Creations
www.earthcreations.net
Clothing in organic cotton, hemp, tencel, and bamboo blends; dyed with natural clay dyes.

Ecolution
www.ecolution.com
Direct Romanian sweat-free manufacturer of hemp products: hats, bags, apparel, fabric, and more.

Ecoganik
www.ecoganik.com
Private label sweat-free organic fashion for men, women, and kids: career and casual wear and more.

Esperanza Threads
www.esperanzathreads.com
Organic fiber clothing made under fair conditions in Cleveland, Ohio.

Equita
www.shopequita.com
Fair Trade, organic and green essentials including: apparel, jewelry, handbags, and baby
clothing.

Fair Industry
www.fairindustry.com
Fairly traded women’s clothing and jewelry; modern design combined with traditional skills.

Fair Trade Sports
www.fairtradesports.com
Fairly traded eco-certifi ed sports balls for soccer, football, basketball, rugby, and more.

Far East Handicrafts
www.fareasthandicrafts.com
Direct importer from indigenous craftspeople, specializing in handmade paper, singing bowls, chimes, bells, silver and wood carving, and more.

Global Exchange
www.store.gxonlinestore.org
Not-for-profit, non-exploitative online store supporting artisan cooperatives in 40 countries.

Global Mamas
www.globalmamas.org
Clothing and jewelry handmade by women’s cooperatives in Africa.

Greater Goods
www.greatergoodsonline.com
Fair Trade hats, natural fiber clothing, jewelry, gifts and more.

Justice Clothing
www.justiceclothing.com
Men’s and women’s union-made-in-the-USA clothing, coats, underwear, socks, ties, and more.

Kusikuy
www.kusikuy.com
Fair Trade llama and alpaca blend knits. Ponchos, sweaters, hats, mittens, and scarves.

Maggie’s Organics
www.organicclothes.com
Sweat-free clothing including T-shirts, camisoles, tops, socks, and tights made with organic cotton.

Marigold Fair Trade
www.marigoldfairtradeclothing.com
Fair Trade clothing and household items from a women’s cooperative in India.

Natural Beginnings
www.naturalbeginnings.biz
Organic and natural sweat-free products for babies and their moms.

No Sweat Apparel
www.nosweatapparel.com
Union-made, sweatshop-free sneakers and clothing for men, women, and children.

North Star Toys
www.northstartoys.com
Creative, nontoxic, nonviolent wooden toys made by a family business.

Parnassus Investments
www.parnassus.com
Offers seven socially responsible mutual funds, all of which consider both financial and social factors when making investment decisions.

Rugmark
www.rugmark.org
Working to end child labor in the rug industry, and offer education to former child weavers.

Splaff
www.splaff.com
Sandals, bags, and belts handcrafted from used tires, hemp, and recycled materials.

Traditions Fair Trade
www.traditionsfairtrade.com
Promotes Fair Trade relationships with artisans around the world; offers sweat-free sneakers.

T.S. Designs
www.tsdesigns.com
Full-service apparel domestic manufacturing and screenprinting company based in North Carolina.

Under the Nile
www.underthenile.com
Children’s apparel, diapers, bedding, blankets, and more, made fairly in Egypt.

World of Good
www.worldogood.com
Fair Trade apparel, scarves, jewelry, housewares, and gifts from around the world.

Tuesday, November 04, 2008

exercises in hope?

I waited in line two hours to vote, but I voted and it was my first election ever, given my newly minted US citizen status. I hope you voted too (if you’re eligible). *

While voting is definitely important, our rights and responsibilities as citizens and our role in shaping this country extends beyond what we do in a voting booth once every few years. We vote with our money, with what we buy and what we do not buy. We vote with our actions, whether they be daily mundane acts or larger life decisions. We vote on an individual basis, on the choices that we make and we vote in our participation and involvement in other groups, whether political or not.

We can have a half-hearted democracy where we vote for representatives every few years or we can work towards a more rooted democracy where we use our voice and our actions to influence and implement changes that affect our lives on a regular basis, through political or other means.

While this election may promise some change and hope with new leaders for this country, real change does not always come from above. We are responsible. Just as we consciously make history today with our votes, we also make history daily whether we are conscious of it or not.


* If you’re ineligible to vote, you can still be like a citizen and influence what kind of country this will be or will not be.

Saturday, November 01, 2008

the greatest challenge of our generation

exercises in cynicism and hope (4)



~ Political cartoon by Ted Rall


Have we really arrived at the end of history? Have the great debates of ideology already ended? Is our current system of capitalism and democracy the best of all possibilities? Is our most important duty to our society now to buy and to blog? Or is another world possible? (implicit in that question: is a better world possible?)

Meanwhile, it appears that I will continue to buy and to blog. After all, I am a product of my culture.


Wednesday, October 29, 2008

the curse is over

CONGRATS

PHILLIES!!!!



This is the year where the first become last and the last become first. The giants of Wall Street came tumbling down, a black man may become president of the United States of America, and the Philadelphia Phillies win the World Series.

Wednesday, October 15, 2008

subjecting the city

Note (11/13/08): Having received back the paper from the professor and having done some additional reading on alternative currency systems, I may need to change and revise some of the ideas in this paper...

As per my dear husband’s suggestion, I am posting a two-page paper that I recently wrote for my Community Economic Development class. It touches upon several subjects that I’ve blogged on before, including a rather biaised comparison of Philadelphia and New York* and reflections on gentrification and the personalities of cities.

Subjecting the City

Martin Buber writes about two modes of relating in his book I and Thou. The word pair “I-You” “establishes the world of relation” (Buber 56), which involves encountering the other as a subject, whereas the word pair “I-It” treats the other as an object, a thing to be experienced. Cities exist along a continuum between the city as a subject, that is, a community where individuals encounter each other in reciprocal relationships; and the city as an object, that is, a provider of income, a commodity to be consumed, a physical space where a set of transactions take place. The different approaches to community economic development, as described in Peter Boothroyd’s and H. Craig Davis’s article “Community Economic Development: Three Approaches” can result in cities that either encourage transactions between objects or promote relationships of reciprocity between subjects.

Growth planning’s emphasis on monetary transactions produces more “I-It” relationships. The use of money leads individuals to consider one another as objects, because money assigns a quantitative value, or as Buber would put it, a “border” to contain the other. Money speaks the language of “I-It” as it allows a person to limit and quantify what he might exchange with others. The other person is only a conduit to some service or product for purchase or some earned income. A person is not valued beyond his or her function in a transaction of exchange.
Furthermore, growth planning does not take in consideration the structure or ownership of firms. If firms are owned by anonymous shareholders or by external wealthy proprietors, workers are much more likely to be treated as an “It” by their employer, and subsequently lose a sense of control and investment. Profits from successful firms may not trickle down into higher wages and rising home prices may only result in gentrification. A city that prioritizes “I-It” relationships will be, at its best, a spectacle like the casinos of Las Vegas or the advertisements of Times Square. People’s commitment to the city will end whenever the city can no longer benefit them. The city becomes a transaction space where people work as an “It” for money, which people then use to buy things or acquire “experience capital” in more “I-It” interactions.

In contrast, the structural change approach and the communalization approach recognize the importance of noncash transactions and local and cooperative ownership, which are important conduits for “I-You” relationships. Noncash activities, which include volunteer children groups, babysitting co-ops and community gardens, require mutual trust, commitment and responsibility from its participants. It relies upon and builds up social capital. More local and shared forms of ownership such as worker-owned cooperatives and community land trusts also bind people together in more formal organizations. While these activities and forms of organization do not guarantee “I-You” relationships, they provide a better basis for them. When people must rely upon each other directly for assistance, and when people must make decisions collectively, reciprocity is more likely to exist. People will be more likely to consider themselves as part of the city, a community member who contributes to the well-being of the place.

The structural change approach and the communalization approach have been criticized for being “out of step with the mainstream” emphasis on economic growth (Boothroyd and Davis, 236). Yet to focus solely on economic growth with no concern for the other aspects of city life runs the risk of “the proliferating It under which the I” becomes “more and more impotent” (Buber 97). To create a city of “I-You”, one must emphasize what cannot be measured in dollars and cents, and what draws people together in closer interdependence.

Works Cited

Boothroyd, Peter and Davis, Craig. “Community Economic Development: Three Approaches”. Journal of Planning Education and Research. 12 (1993): 230-240.

Buber, Martin. I and Thou. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1970.





* Sigh... I can't seem to be able to find the link to this blog post.
** Wow, this paper looks so short now that it's posted on my blog. Blogging is growing the tendency within my character to be excessively verbose.....

Tuesday, October 14, 2008

exercises in cynicism and hope (3)

Today is Tuesday October 14th. The era of the large investment banks and excessive trading and easy credit is coming to an end. Our banks are getting partially nationalized. Senator Obama is ahead in the polls.*

Just as the Great Depression marked the acceptance of Keynesian economics and the economic stagflation of the 70s ushered in several decades of deregulation and trickle-down economics, this year’s economic crisis will shift the prevailing economic and social policies of this country.

By no means do I want nationalization of major industries** or excessive redistribution of income, but I do hope for a new era of politics that does not confer disproportionate power to large corporations, but rather encourages appropriate government regulation, and more equitable and socially responsible economic growth.

Today, I’m feeling a bit more hopeful.
(Oh, and the Phillies are one win away from being in the World Series.)


* Sorry, Palin sealed the deal. My respect for McCain has only gone down since then.
** Though I do want universal health care coverage. (I'm still Canadian!)

Monday, October 06, 2008

exercises in cynicism and hope (2)

sometimes I wonder whether deep down at the core of my being, I am just cynical -- that I superficially espouse all these nice sounding platitudes about how all these all these great organizations and groups are doing all this great world in the world in order to cope with the fact that I actually believe that all these institutions are corrupt at the core and no true change will ever come of them. (we are just in survival mode. the least common denominator).

or whether I really do believe that good is possible and that hope is real and that we can create a more whole, in the sense of shalom, way of living in this world, and that anyone can be an agent of this change.

Sunday, October 05, 2008

exercises in cynicism and hope (1)

Let’s forget whether or not the hordes of Ivy League graduates who went off to work on Wall Street are actually responsible for the current crisis. And let’s leave aside the question of whether it is possible to change the system from within or whether we are truly following God’s will when we work for a large corporation.

Could we instead imagine what this country (or this world) would be like had we all done something different than what was simply expected of us? What if many of us had gone off to start fair trade and worker-owned companies?* What if others of us went into government to try and establish and implement policies that would encourage wealth creation in our cities and countryside? What if more of us went full-time into teaching in underserved areas?

Maybe now that there are not as many Wall Street jobs, perhaps more of us will take the road less traveled.




* Some in fact have opted to do this with positive results. A former Penn student and some others from Harvard have started a fair trade yarn exporting company in China. And to give credit, many do work for a large corporation for a few years before pursuing something different like this.
** On a side note, for those of you who commented a while ago on my blog-- I've posted my replies. I am trying my best to respond to comments but sometimes it takes me awhile :) Thanks for taking the time to write them though! I do appreciate them.

Friday, September 26, 2008

book reviews (the third quarter is over already!)




Those who have visited our living room (and if you have not, you are most welcome to come visit) have noticed that we have a bit of a capacity problem as far as books are concerned.




Marriage has been a rather distressing affair as far as books are concerned—I no longer seem to know what books I have or what the books on our shelves are about. And though the books we own that I have not read are quite numerous, I always seem to want what I cannot have. So I end up borrowing books from the library instead of reading what I have on hand. But this last quarter, I’ve finally decided to dig into the books that are now overflowing onto our floors.



As a side note, I have also decided that I am tired of Amazon/Borders/B&N’s domination of the book market, and despite the fact that I have enjoyed their low prices for many years, I think I will try to buy from independent book sellers from now on. Let’s see if I can resist the 30%-40% price slashes at Amazon. (I continue to be content with Paperbackswap though the selection often isn't great)

But enough with pictures and mundane chatter, and onto the reviews. My husband complained in my last set of book reviews that he wanted a thesis for why I rated each book with the number of stars that I did. It is not that deep. I write these reviews, not to pretend to be some professional reviewer, but simply to help me remember each book, its contents and what I liked or disliked about it. In doing so, I hope to give others some guidance as to whether or not they would like to read the book themselves. I do not assess these books in terms of its quality of writing or judge them as a piece of work or a contribution to humanity or whatnot; I am merely rating my enjoyment of the book in my little subjective world. :)

Rating scale from Goodreads
* didn’t like it
** it was ok
*** liked it
**** really liked it
***** it was amazing

Fiction

**** The Road (Cormac McCarthy) ~ This book traces the journey made by a father and his son as they attempt to reach the coast. The world has been destroyed by presumably what resembles a nuclear apocalypse. Major cities were burned, nearly all vegetation and animal life were destroyed, and everything was covered in ashes. As food became scarce, violence and murder increased until even humans were far and few between. McCarthy writes very simply and very calmly, but manages to recreate the bleakness and constant fear that permeates the father and his son’s journey. His novel highlights the extremes of human depravity, explores the tensions between compassion and survival, and offers a somber picture of hope.

**** Out of the Silent Planet (C.S. Lewis)~ C.S. Lewis never fails to satisfy me. This is the first volume of his science fiction Space Trilogy, and in many ways, reverses the elements of a traditional science fiction alien civilization plot. This novel functions at many levels—a beautiful exposition of life on another planet, an exploration of human nature and fear, and a critique of modernism. (PLOT SPOILERS AHEAD). A man named Ransom is captured by two humans and taken to Mars, a planet whose civilization has not “fallen” into original sin. Unlike a traditional science fiction plot, this alien civilization is peaceful and is not intent on invading other planets, even though their own is dying. The two humans, who captured Ransom, because of their own fear (based on their own knowledge of human nature), misunderstand the alien civilization’s good intentions for the worse. One of the most poignant passages occurs at the very end, when one of the humans who captured Ransom stands before the Oyarsa defending his modernism vision of taking over other planets “for the sake of humanity”. His speech is translated into a language that is intelligible to a society that knows not war, violence or oppression. In the translation, the contradictions and foolishness of modernism are revealed.

**** Peralandra (C.S. Lewis) ~ This novel reads nothing like the typical interplanetary travel and discovery we expect in science fiction novels, but is rather intensely mythical and philosophical. This is not to say that C.S. Lewis does not describe a beautiful, enchanting and strange vision of the planet Venus— covered in water, where the patches of solid land float on the ocean like water lilies, shifting great distances and undulating according to the water movement. The main character Ransom is sent to Venus in order to play role in the “Garden of Eden” mythological equivalent. Humanity has just begun on the planet Venus, with Adam and Eve in a state of innocence, and forbidden from sleeping overnight on the “Fixed Land”. Satan has shown up as and continuously tempts “Eve” to disobey God’s order. What follows is an intense philosophical reflection on the choice presented to Adam and Even in the Garden of Eden.

** Invitation to a Beheading (Vladmir Nabokov) ~ This is one of Nabokov’s earlier works, composed in Russian and translated by his son into English. It narrates the imprisonment leading up to the execution of Cinncinnatus C., accused of “gnostic turpitude”. The novel offers commentary on totalitarianism, authority, conformity as well as the nature of fiction. I was a little disappointed with the novel—I had high expectations of the novel because it was so intriguingly described in “Reading Lolita in Tehran”. But I don’t do well with “absurd” stories, and this novel was full of irrational and crazy scenes that defied expectation and made no sense. The prose style, though suggestive of Nabokov’s masterpiece Lolita, was underdeveloped in comparison. There were a few notable passages on Cinncinnatus’s emotional reaction to the absurdity and surrealist that surrounded him, but otherwise, the novel is interesting only for the theoretical questions it poses and as a work of Nabokov, but not so much for holiday reading enjoyment.

*** Invisible Cities (Italo Calvino) ~ In this novel, Marco Polo describes to emperor Kubla Khan (spelling?) the various cities in the kingdom that he has conquered. What follows are short vignettes describing various cities, that hover somewhere in between real physical cities and ethereal metaphysical cities. Calvino seeks to describe different aspects of the personality, character and scope of cities—their changes, the way they make people interact, their relationship with other cities, with poverty, with corruption etc… This doesn’t quite carry the narrative cohesiveness or thematic clarity of say, Ray Bradbury’s Martian Chronicles. It is another case of a novel that reads better as poetry, or perhaps, as paintings or sketches. Calvino writes fairly well, and some of the vignettes are quite thought-provoking and beautiful but others resemble more frustrating art for art’s sake.

*** Atonement (Ian McEwan) ~ I was interested in reading this novel as several of my friends have absolutely loved it (and not because there’s a Keira Knightly film!). However, while I enjoyed the novel, I didn’t find myself loving it, primarily because I tend not to be that into period novels, or more “emotional” or “sentimental” fiction. I’m more into “idea” novels or novels that play with language. That being said, I will attest that the novel is very well-written. McEwan narrates his plot and characters with a melodramatic and psychological approach, that sometimes borders on humourous. I was especially amused with his descriptions of Briony, a 12-year old (?) aspiring writer who reminded me much of myself. The ending really distinguished the novel beyond a simple period piece (at times, the novel reminded me of Jane Austen)—it was surprising, moving and thought-provoking. (PLOT SPOILERS AHEAD) At the end, it is revealed the novel was written by Briony and that her sister Cecilia and her lover Robbie Turner actually both died in the war as opposed to reuniting happily in the novel. The novel serves as an atonement for what actually happened, giving her Cecilia and Robbie an opportunity to live together happily in fictive memory. “When I am dead, and the Marshalls are dead, and the novel is finally published, we will only exist as my inventions… No one will care what events and which individuals were misrepresented to make a novel. I know there’s always a certain kind of reader who will be compelled to ask, But what really happened? The answer is simple: the lovers survive and flourish. As long as there is a single copy, a solitary typescript of my final draft, then my spontaneous, fortuitous sister and her medical prince survive to love.”

***** That Hideous Strength (C.S. Lewis) ~ One of the most telling ways to determine if I have been reading a good book is to examine my reading space. Am I surrounded by little shreds of ripped paper, the remnants of make-shift bookmarks used to mark passages that I like? This certainly was the case with this book. The novel is set in England and recounts a marriage between two academics and the rise to power of the modernist organization, N.I.C.E., the National Institute for Controlled Experiments. This was probably my favourite book out of the Space Trilogy, because of its chilling portrayals of marriage, academic life and institutional life were so realistic (realistic in the sense that it touches upon the real spiritual core of these institutions, not in the sense that it is “probable” and likely to happen in this world). Despite the realism, or perhaps because of this realism, the novel also provides a brilliant exposition at the level of ideas, relating to the history of mankind, the nature of gender and the character of obedience, power and love. Couple that with humorous, sharp and yet beautiful prose, and you have one spectacular book. Read with care. Even I did and I’m the queen of skimming.

Non-Fiction

** Mindless Eating (Brian Wansink) ~ I picked up this book at the library while in California visiting my family. I skimmed through it one afternoon. It is part interesting and entertaining facts and research relating to the psychology of eating and part “easy diet”/healthy eating advice. The book provides simple ways of reducing calorie intake by taking advantage about how we psychologically relate to food. The diet/healthy eating tips were mostly common sense, but helpful to a certain extent (I have a terrible office snacking habit). Of all the research studies, I most enjoyed the experiment where participants ate day-old chocolate cake. Despite having eaten the same cake, participants who received menus that noted the cake as “chocolate cake” rated the cake taste as mediocre or poor, whereas those who received menus with “Fine Belgian Double Chocolate Cake” rated the cake as amazing and very good. Interestingly enough, in this study and many others participants always noted that they didn’t believe they would be affected by such marketing tactics.

*** Ways of Seeing (John Berger) ~ This book compiles seven (?) essays, three visual, four written relating to art history, visual studies and capitalism. I didn’t really understand the visual essays, but I did find the four written ones enjoyable and thought-provoking. The first reflects upon the different ways of seeing, and reflects upon the impact of reproduction of art on art (based on Walter Benjamin’s essay Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction). The second essay related to the depiction of male and female, naked and nude. The last two essays were on oil painting and its relation to capitalism and art ownership, and the role of the image in advertising. The essays were very readable and prompted thought relating to the role of economics and social class in the production of art.

** Philadelphia 300-Year History (editor Russel Weigley) ~ History has historically been my worse subject, so please be aware of my bias in this review. Despite being averse to history, I’ve recently decided to start learning more about both Philadelphia and the United States. This book assembles essays from a variety of authors and covers Philadelphia’s colonial period to around 1975. I started reading this 750 page tome (sp?) with much interest, especially in seeing how the initial plan of this city was laid out, started skimming when I reached the 18th and 19th century, and by the 20th century, I was rapidly skimming. Though the essays are decent and informative—most of them lack a strong narrative arc or argument and read more as laundry lists of facts about the development of various aspects of Philadelphia (e.g. demographics, crime, civil institutions, government reform etc…). As someone who is interested in the “spirit” of cities, this book was more just about the bones and though providing me with a few facts about the city’s history, failed to provide a cohesive vision for understanding it. Perhaps I should not expect history to be written this way, but I want to read history as a story, not a chronological date list.

*** An Introduction to Marx (Peter Singer) ~ This was an interesting and easy to understand introduction into Karl Marx’s life, ideas and influence. Singer particularly highlighted Karl Marx’s biography (his surprisingly unproletariat life), his evolution of thought, key concepts and his influences.

**** Terra Nullius: A Journey Through No One's Land (Sven Lindqvist) ~ I think sometimes I tend to be prejudiced against obscure books—thinking that most of them are probably not very good since they are not well-acclaimed or well-known. Reading excerpts from Terra Nullius for my Community Economic Development class definitely proved my prejudice wrong (To be honest-- should I really allow my reading tastes to be dictated by Barnes & Nobles?). This is a beautiful mixture of narrative and history, describing the devastating deaths and injustices that resulted from colonization. It covers the historical conquest, recent political developments and the academic study of aborigine culture. It questions the rational justifications for these actions and reflects upon what it means to make amends on an historical injustice. The novel does not follow a linear progression, but jumps from sections of a few pages each that touch upon related topics. The book is beautifully written and clear, and incredibly informative.

Saturday, September 20, 2008

we are the system

The downfall of Wall Street this week has been ringing loudly in my thoughts, but Wall Street itself has been fairly quiet. No apology. (Part of me is brimming with anger: Have they not any shame for telling the government to fuck off when they were making millions, and then going back to the tax payers for a bail out when they had dug themselves in deep shit? Has this experience humbled them at all? Or are they hidden away, gloating because they got away with a lot of money?)

But maybe I need to apologize too? I was part of that system and part of that myth. I may not have worked directly in investment banking, but I was part of the post-graduate herd of sheep that run towards New York City and fill the lower ranks of investment banks and consulting firms, without necessarily questioning the bigger picture or the assumptions of what we were doing. I may not have made the huge bonuses, but I did wine and dine a little too heartily on money that had to come from somewhere. I was fortunate that I was never asked to work directly in predatory mortgage lending, but I did work in mortgage product design that had the potential to be damaging without proper regulation. I may not have advocated for the risky leverage ratios held by investment banks, but I did do some capital regulation calculations that I barely understood. And so I was/am part of the system. And somehow, I am also responsible for what is happening.

But how do you feel sorry for something that you didn’t do directly but somehow benefited from?

In Terra Nullius: A Journey Through No One's Land (a beautifully written book by the way), Sven Lindqvist reflects on feeling contrition concerning the murder of and the theft of land from the aborigines in Australia.

According to my Religious Education teacher in at secondary school, ‘contrition’ is at the core of all religions. It’s easy to make mistakes. Anybody can make mistakes, even commit crimes. The important thing is knowing how to feel contrition afterwards. That was why he began every lesson with the same question: ‘What constitutes contrition?’ To this day, I can still rattle off the answer in my sleep:
I realize I have done wrong.
I regret what I have done.
I promise never to do it again.
Today I tend to think these three criteria for contrition are far too introverted. ‘Realize’, ‘regret’ and ‘promise’ can all be done internally, in complete secrecy, without betraying any outward sign of realization of promise. Such an internal contrition process is precious little comfort the victim of the wrong I committed. And the promise is easily forgotten if nobody knows it was made. So the criteria should demand a more public process of contrition. Perhaps like this:
I freely admit that I have done wrong.
I ask forgiveness of those I have wronged.
I promise to do my best to make amends to them.
Here, the third criterion promises not only that I will not repeat the crime, but also that I will make efforts to put things right to the best of my ability. For the victims, redress is the most tangible result of my contrition and a measure of sincerity.
Can we feel contrition for other people’s crimes? Can we feel contrition for crimes we have not committed personally, but have subsequently profited from? How can we formulate the criteria for contrition to make them applicable to collective responsibility for historical crimes? Perhaps like this:
We freely admit that our predecessors have done wrong and that we are profiting from it.
We ask forgiveness of those who were wronged and of their descendants.
We promise to do our best to make amends to those who were wronged for the effects that still remain.
The larger the collective, the more diluted the personal responsibility. The less intimate the contrition, the greater the risk that it will just be hollow ceremony. A representative steps forward on our behalf, admits the wrong committed, apologizes, pays what it takes and appoints a committee to ‘monitor our practices’.

But Wall Street hasn’t even done that.*

And there are plenty of other systemic sins that we are part of—that we are responsible—but whose web of guilt is so diffuse that it’s easy to shift the blame. But the systems are composed of individuals, and as individuals, we all contribute our small, unsuspecting part in the greater injustices.

As American consumers, we are purchasers of products produced in unethical and inhumane circumstances. As Americans, we live on land that was seized from its original inhabitants. And though most of us are fortunate enough to have never been in such situations, we are certainly capable of inflicting direct bodily harm upon others.

Stanley Milgram, in conclusion to his famous experiments where test subjects delivered what they believed to be crippling electric shocks to a fellow human being (while they could hear that person screaming for it to stop), as long as the authority figure said it was okay, writes:

Ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive process. Moreover, even when the destructive effects of their work become patently clear, and they are asked to carry out actions incompatible with the fundamental standards of morality, relatively few people have the resources needed to resist authority.

This is not to say that we are incapable of good, or that we do no good at all, but to emphasize that our brokenness infects nearly every action or decision that we are in, every relationship that we are in, and every system or institutional structure that we are part of. At the end of the day, we all must throw ourselves at the mercy of God.



* Terra Nullius ends the above quoted section with “Australia isn’t even doing that”. I switched it for Wall Street, but I need to give the original author credit.
** This entry draws inspiration and direct quotes from a talk on sin that my husband gave earlier this week.

Thursday, September 18, 2008

end of a season*

This NY Times Op-ed by Roger Cohen eloquently touches upon the death of the myth that I wrote about in my last entry:

The leverage party’s over for the masters of the universe. Shed a tear. When you trade pieces of paper for other pieces of paper instead of trading them for real things, one day someone wakes up and realizes the paper’s worth nothing. And Lehman Brothers, after 158 years, has gone poof in the night.

We’re witnessing the passing of more than a venerable firm. We’re seeing the death of a culture.


So that’s what “financial killing” really means. No better illustration exists of a culture where private gain has eclipsed the public good, public service, even public decency, and where the cult of the individual has caused the commonwealth to wither.

That’s the culture we’ve lived with. It’s over now. Some new American beginning is needed.



When I taught a journalism course at Princeton a couple of years ago, I was captivated by the bright, curious minds in my class. But when I asked students what they wanted to do, the overwhelming answer was: “Oh, I guess I’ll end up in i-banking.”

It was not that they loved investment banking, or thought their purring brains would be best deployed on Wall Street poring over a balance sheet, it was the money and the fact everyone else was doing it.

But why do freshmen bursting to change the world morph into investment bankers?

“I guess the bottom line is the money. You could be going to grad school and paying for it, or earning six figures. And knowing nothing about money, you get to move hundreds of millions around! No wonder we’re in this mess: turns out the best and the brightest make the biggest and the worst.”

According to the Harvard Crimson, 39 percent of work-force-bound Harvard seniors this year are heading for consulting firms and financial sector companies (or were in June). That’s down from 47 percent — almost half the job-bound class — in 2007.

These numbers mirror a skewed culture. The best and the brightest should think again. Barack Obama put the issue this way at Wesleyan University in May: beware of the “poverty of ambition” in a culture of “the big house and the nice suits.


I hope this humbling of Wall Street will make room for something more substantive to be built in its place.

*This is the second installment. The first one occurred about a year and a half ago.

Monday, September 15, 2008

when giants come tumbling down

another mad rant

It’s a strange, eerie feeling, reading about the demise of two Wall Street giants, Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch, following soon after the federal takeover of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and the earlier demise of Bear Stearns.

Perhaps what’s so striking about the recent failure of these large financial services firms is that they signal a death of a myth that I and so many other prestigious university graduates bought into.

Two or three years ago, all of us impressionable college graduates would have lusted after offers from Lehman Brothers or Merrill Lynch. A job at one of these firms would most likely guarantee entry into the country’s best law schools and business schools. A year ago, my former consulting firm, Oliver Wyman Financial Services, was still aggressively recruiting a larger incoming class for projected growth in consulting services for financial services industry. What did we really believe in? A bunch of managerial jargon about entrepreneurship, meritocracy, innovation, prestige and intelligence.

I do feel sorry for all of those analysts and associates who are now without a job, because I did tread that path for awhile. Perhaps now we can better know the price of being an “organization kid”, a lowly member in the network of the technocratic-managerial-financial elites – where more often than not, success is fleeting and power can quickly become powerlessness. Perhaps we will now know better than to trust in financial markets and lucrative job offers. And perhaps we will realize that we are ultimately responsible for our actions and decisions whether or not we are fully cognizant of their impact.

There is obviously a role for financial markets in today’s economy, and banking services are necessary to provide the liquidity needed to make today’s economy work. But I didn’t quite gain a sense from these Wall Street executives that they were trying to provide a valuable service to companies and individuals – that somehow got lost in the jumble of future trades, credit swaps, mortgage-backed securities and debt derivatives—which are somehow all subsumed under the interest of short-term profits.

I don’t particularly feel sorry for the top executives of these firms. In fact, I feel angry that though many may not have received any compensation packages, they still made their millions with timely stock sales and savings.

Who bears the true cost of these poor and risky decisions? The many who were lured into mortgages they cannot afford, those who are now watching their neighbourhoods deteriorate because of the growing number of foreclosures, and the working class who faces even more dismal job prospects. Many will feel the hurt of these far and distant decisions made in fancy boardrooms a lot harder than those who made the decisions.

(Do you feel powerless? Of late, I have been feeling that way. Powerlessness coupled with hope results in humility. Powerlessness without hope results in pragmatism.)

Sunday, September 14, 2008

simulating integrity

a mad rant about professionalism

This was the first thing Mark had been asked to do which he himself, before he did it, clearly knew to be criminal. But the moment of his consent almost escaped his notice; certainly, there was no struggle, no sense of turning a corner. There may have been a time in the world’s history when such moments fully revealed their gravity, with witches prophesying on a blasted heath or visible Rubicons to be crossed. But for him, it all slipped past in a chatter of laughter, of that intimate laughter between fellow professionals, which of all earthly powers is strongest to make men do very bad things before they are yet, individually, very bad men.

This was an excerpt from C.S. Lewis’s That Hideous Strength, referring to the moment in which Mark was asked to write false articles for widely-circulated newspapers. I wonder if it felt just as uneventful, just as banal for those insider traders in the 1980s, the Wal-Mart store managers who denied workers overtime pay, and the Enron accountants of Arthur Anderson. I wonder what it feels like to do things that are not necessarily illegal per se, but unethical—the blind complicit eye in the use of underpaid workers, hospital managers who turn down Medicaid patients, the predatory mortgage lenders, the more recent irresponsible portfolio decisions of the Lehman Brothers executives and the income tax accountants who obscure the truth of the cost and nature of their services to lower-income (or shall I say low-wealth?) families. But I do know what that feels like, because I would have to lie to say I haven’t done legal but unethical things in my past—and that little sigh of guilt lies somewhere buried between “everyone else is doing it too” and “I’m just doing my job and providing a service or product to the economy.”*

I recently heard the story of a very intelligent Christian, who engineered a key product for his company, and was invited to apply to become the head manager of an entire region. He was denied the position and later discovered the two reasons for it: 1. That in his interview, he mentioned that he talked to God everyday and so management suspected that he must have delusions of grandeur, and 2. that one of his guiding principles was to never lie, and the hiring consultant found himself slipping and saying “how can you trust someone who will always tell the truth….”

And perhaps that in a nutshell captures what governs the boardrooms and skyscrapers where the makers and shakers of the world concoct their plans. While governments will never disappear, many will argue that it is now economics, not politics, that drives the modern world, and that the major players are not sovereign states but multinational and global corporations. And what prevails in these corporations is a code of professionalism that prioritizes profits (and mainly short-term profits) above everything else.

Every year, prestigious universities send hundreds upon hundreds of recently minted and impressionable graduates into the halls of prestigious investment banks and consulting firms. Many climbed the ranks in these institutions, perhaps with a brief boost from an MBA program. They surely have behaved up to par with the code of professionalism. Professionalism expects the employee to wear the fancy suits, talk the small-talk and the fancy jargon and know the numbers behind the pretty graphs. But we’ve ended up with-- or perhaps that’s better worded as, we’ve ended up without-- Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers. Let's not forget that alongside their graves, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are in critical condition supported by the ICU of taxpayers.

Professionalism evades the question of responsibility. It shifts the blame to the institution, without acknowledging that an institution is composed of individuals. With professionalism, everyone acts according to what is expected of him in his occupational role, without question to the morality of his actions.

It is integrity that forces an employee to consider the consequences of his actions on others (rather than just trying to win the approval of salary-determining, bonus-awarding superiors). Integrity involves asking whether something that someone is asked to do for his job is right or wrong, not just profit-making, and having the courage to say no when something is wrong.

How different could the world be if people actually acted with integrity at their jobs, instead of abiding by the codes that prevailed in their work environments? Would low-wage earners be able to make a decent living (as many homeless actually have full-time jobs)? Would there be less people trapped in crippling debt?

A friend mentioned a book written by the founder of DC Central Kitchen, who argued that it’s not nonprofits that need to run more like business, but businesses that need to run more like nonprofits. I have yet to read the book but I suspect he meant that we need to abandon the code of corporate professionalism, and opt instead for one of genuine integrity, one that takes into consideration the situation of the less privileged or the less powerful.

I have questioned whether it is possible to change the system from the inside. So far, the outcomes have not been too promising.** Though if you have some examples or evidence to the contrary, perhaps they will give me some hope concerning the current trajectory of the world.


*Hannah Arendt, the Milgram Experiments and the Stanford Prison Experiment may confirm my suspicion.
** I supposed being in the system requires some degree of complicity with the system...

Tuesday, September 09, 2008

unequal measures of inequality

My most recent blog entry related to how the manner in which knowledge is produced within the university system is subject to a set of assumptions and methodologies. This became quite evident in this example drawn from my first class in Professor Lamas’ Community Economic Development.*

In looking at these statistics relating to income, taken from the U.S. Census Bureau, what would you conclude about equality in America?


Income of Households 2002







Race/EthnicityIncome
White alone or in combination$45,350
White alone$45,390
White alone, not Hispanic$47,194
Black alone or in combination$30,032
Black alone$29,982
Now take a look at these statistics concerning wealth in America, now what would you conclude?
Median Value of Assets for Households 2000




RaceNet Worth
White$58,716
White Not of Hispanic Origin$67,000
Black$6,166

Percent Distribution of Household Net Worth 2000





RaceNet Worth

Zero or Negative $500,000 and Over
White12.7%9.3%
White Not of Hispanic Origin11.3%10.0%
Black29.1%0.6%
In the first case, inequality America is significant but is not of an outrageous proportion. However, looking at wealth, this picture is dramatically different. The median wealth of a white American household is over 10 times that of a black household. Furthermore, three times as many blacks than whites have zero or negative net worth.

The poverty debate both in America and around the world has been framed around the question of income (what one earns) rather than wealth (what one owns less what one owes). Two professors can both earn the same amount each year, but their lives may look very different depending on the inheritance they may or may not have received from their parents.

Because the poverty problem is framed in terms of income, the policy solutions suggested are also directed towards raising income. Our grand solutions to poverty in America seemed centered around raising minimum wages and providing better education (so that people can receive higher paying jobs). But if we were to think of the problem differently, how would our solutions change?

Interestingly enough, the major wealth-based solution to poverty has not been particularly successful. Home ownership has often been promoted as a way of increasing wealth and gaining economic success. However, this has played out into the context of income segregated neighbourhoods, disparate quality of education in public schools, and foreclosures. Home ownership has not created additional wealth especially in cases of stagnant or declining real estate prices or growing costs of maintaining a home.

I'm sure there will be more to follow on this subject.


*In fact, this entire entry is drawn from the discussion in today’s class. I guess you know it’s a good class if I come home and immediately write a blog entry.